This
page will help you in learning various online and offline businesses,
we shall try to ensure that every business is properly described to
ensure that our readers develop confidence in our articles. we will
endevour to include businesses that have little or no investment.
The site will also be a source of general information, so we encourage our readers to always check out for updates.
Businesses That will be covered for now are:
OFFLINE BUSINESSES
1. Mushroom cultivation
2. Perfume production
3. How to produce germicide (izal)
4. How to produce disinfectant (detol)
5. How to produce liquid soap.
6. How to produce toilet wash.
7. How to produce hair cream.
8. How to produce freshener.
9. How to produce detergent. (powder soap)
10. How to produce bleach.
11. How to produce laundry soap or bar soap
12. How to produce medicated soap.
13. How to produce paint.
14. How to produce balm.
15. How to produce hair relaxer.
16. How to produce candle.
3. How to produce germicide (izal)
4. How to produce disinfectant (detol)
5. How to produce liquid soap.
6. How to produce toilet wash.
7. How to produce hair cream.
8. How to produce freshener.
9. How to produce detergent. (powder soap)
10. How to produce bleach.
11. How to produce laundry soap or bar soap
12. How to produce medicated soap.
13. How to produce paint.
14. How to produce balm.
15. How to produce hair relaxer.
16. How to produce candle.
More courses are on the making, please check in couple of days.
MUSHROOM CULTIVATION (LESSON NOTE)
Mushrooms
grow very fast and mature for harvest in a matter of days, it is the
easiest cultivatable item to cultivate for business, there are hundreds
of mushroom species you can start cultivating, you can make so much
money cultivating mushroom, it is sell able both in the local and
international market.
Mushrooms are both food and medicinal, must of the mushroom are used to make drugs thereby creating a wide range of market.
ITEM YOU NEED TO START CULTIVATING
1. Oyster mushroom oyster spawn.
2. Make a pasteurized substrate.
3. Get some bags
4. Get a site with a stable temperature.
5. Water.
Procedures
1. Buy the mushroom spawn of your choice variety, choose the variety that you can eat, if you want to produce for the market do some search to know the most market choice, but recommend the Agaricus bisporus because it is the most popular, it is also very delicious specie, do not go for delicate species. your can always buy your mushroom spawn from Amazon, click to buy from Amazon.
read my article on how to import from Amazon, read now.
2. CHOOSE A COOLER OR A TERRARIUM WITH COVER
- If you've got a dark basement which to grow your mushrooms, you don't necessarily need a growing chamber with a lid. Use or build some 6-8 inch deep trays to grow your mushrooms in.
- Use an old fish tank or a plastic storage bin for growing mushrooms in drier climates, or if you don't have a basement in which to grow your mushrooms and need to regulate the temperature more readily.
3. FILL YOUR CONTAINER WITH MEDIUM THAT IS SUITABLE FOR MUSHROOM GROWING
You
can buy your own premixed beds to grow mushrooms, or make your own
beds. Materials as diverse as mature, vermiculite and wood flour are
used for growing all kinds of edible mushrooms
Use
a suitable medium to enable proper growth of the mushrooms, remember
that mushrooms do not have chlorophyll like plants as a result cannot
make the own food like plant, but will depend on the quality of the
medium you have made to grow. A mature based compost is most appropriate
for the recommended mushroom variety, you can get your compost from
peat moss, greensand, corn fodder, straw etc., please ensure a proper PH
value of the compost used.
To
prepare a quality medium the initially recommended spawn, mix 80% hard
wood flour, 10%% rice hulls, 5% soyabeans meal, 5% sphagnum, add little
lime to obtain a suitable PH level of about 7.1 to 7.3, the combine the
5 parts of this mixture with 2 parts sand and 3 parts potting soil and
mix very well
4. PLANTING THE MUSHROOM SPAWN
Plant
the mushroom spawn about two inches deep in the medium you have
prepared and give over 20 inches spacing from the planted spawn.
5. KEEPING THE CULTIVATING CHAMBER AT A PROPER TEMPERATURE.
After
planting, place the containers in a heated room or in the sun to 21
degrees Celsius, when the roots begin to form that is about three weeks
after planting, the remove the container and place them in a dark room
or the basement so that the temperature is reduced to about 16 degrees
Celsius and cover the spawn with 1 inch layer of potting soil.
6. SPRAY THE SOIL SURFACE WITH WATER TOP KEEP IT SLIGHTLY DAMP.
Spraying
the surface of the soil regularly to keep it slightly damp, if you are
keeping the containers in a heated indoor space, then spraying daily is
necessary, you can also use a wet cloth to keep the soil damp.
7. MAINTAIN CLOTH AND SOIL DAMPNESS AND TEMPERATURE FOR 3 TO 4 WEEKS.
During
this time, keep an eye out for any problem, You may start all over if
you notice pin-prick dots of black fungus, or if you r substrates
(medium) is over saturated and slimy, the .cloth must be removed once
the mushroom begin ti poke out of the soil
8. HARVEST THE MUSHROOM.
This is how you mushroom should look like when it is mature for harvesting.
You
must note that not all mushroom are edible, most species of mushroom
are poison and cultivated to extract these poisonous chemicals for
different purposes, some species are cultivated to extract useful
elements and chemical for drug for drug making . Good luck to on
mushroom cultivation.
Before
we take you to the making of perfume proper, we will like to expose you
to the knowledge of the notes involved in perfume making.
In perfumes the fragrance is categorized into three different notes in terms of when they arise.1. THE TO NOTE
In perfumes the fragrance is categorized into three different notes in terms of when they arise.1. THE TO NOTE
2. THE MIDDLE NOTE
3. THE BASE NOTETop note: The first scent when you spray the perfume on your body, then it disappears, these include; bergamot, lemon, peppermint, orange, grapefruit, lime, spearmint etc.
Middle note: This scent shows up immediately after the top note disappears. they include scents like ; rosemary, coriander, geranium, pettitgrain, palmarosa, marjoram, basil, , rose , lavender etc.
Base note: This scent shows up after the middle note and is the base of the perfume, they include; patchouli, vetiver, frankincense, cedarwood, sandalwood and others.
Middle note: This scent shows up immediately after the top note disappears. they include scents like ; rosemary, coriander, geranium, pettitgrain, palmarosa, marjoram, basil, , rose , lavender etc.
Base note: This scent shows up after the middle note and is the base of the perfume, they include; patchouli, vetiver, frankincense, cedarwood, sandalwood and others.
HOW TO MIX THE NOTES.(PERFUME)
you are to mix your perfume by starting to add your base notes, followed by the middle finally your top notes.FAMILIES OF SCENTS
Scents are categorized into four families such as floral, oriental, woody and fresh (such as citrus, etc) See wheel below. This is lovely but why do we need to know this? When you are mixing your perfume,adding scents from neighboring families creates harmony in you perfume.THE INGREDIENTS YOU NEED TO MAKE YOUR PERFUME:1. VODKA- High percentage of ethanol or alcohol
2. INFUSED OIL, FRAGRANCE OIL, ESSENTIAL OIL,
3. PURE EXTRACT- VANILLA is preferred
4.DISTILLED WATER.
5. GLYCERINE.
MATERIALS YOU NEED IN MIXING YOUR PERFUME ARE: Glass jar that is not every clear, if you will use a clear glass jar, then you will need aluminum foil to wrapping around the bottle
STEPS BY STEP PROCEDURE
STEP: 1
Sterilize the glass jars in a basin of water containing sterilizer.
STEP:2
Measure 1/4 cup of the vodka (alcohol) and pure it into the sterilized glass jar.
STEP:3
Add
the notes according to as you were instructed earlier, if you have
gotten, please; go back to read about how to mix the notes.
STEP:4
Adding your scents,
This is where the logic is manifested.
Add approximately 25 drops of essential/fragrance oil.
Take one scent ;
Add approximately 25 drops of essential/fragrance oil.
Take one scent ;
· add a few drops
· swing gently
· smell it
· add more and swing until you get the proportion of scent concentration you desire.
NB: write down the oil and number of drops
Take
the next scent and repeat as above until you have added the approximate
number of drops. Feel free to add more or less to create the desired
fragrance.
If you are just starting out and don't know which scents to try. You can divided the alcohol into smaller volumes and try different combination. that will give you the understanding you require to make a well balanced fragrance that is not too concentrated.
If you are just starting out and don't know which scents to try. You can divided the alcohol into smaller volumes and try different combination. that will give you the understanding you require to make a well balanced fragrance that is not too concentrated.
Once
you are happy with the fragrance that you've created it is time to let
it age. Place it in a cool dark location for a minimum of 48 hours, up
to a month.
Aging your fragrance allows the scents to mingle, and also become stronger. Once you have aged your fragrance for the desired length of time, smell it again, the mingling may have changed the overall scent, so feel free to add a few more drops of scent to tweak it (don't forget you will need to age it again, if more scent was added).
Aging your fragrance allows the scents to mingle, and also become stronger. Once you have aged your fragrance for the desired length of time, smell it again, the mingling may have changed the overall scent, so feel free to add a few more drops of scent to tweak it (don't forget you will need to age it again, if more scent was added).
STEP: 5
Add water and glycerine, at this point; you have to dilute the prepare fragrance
1. Add 2 tablespoons of distilled water. If you are making a perfume spray,add more water.
2. Add approximately 5 drops of glycerine, this helps preserve the fragrance.
STEP: 6
Package your perfume the contains of your choice for use or for the market.
Where to buy the ingredients for perfume making.
1.you can go to any good supper market to ask for the ingredients.
2. If live in the South South you can get them from Aba main market, Onishia market and at mile1 market in Portharcourt.
3. You can import them from U S, read my article on how to import click here
GERMICIDE (IZAL)
CHEMICALS AND FORMULATION(%)
1 Water-------------------------------- 25
2 Carbolic acid------------------------0.5
3 Phenol--------------------------------1/2
4 White binder------------------------1.0
5 Izal perfume-------------------------1/2
6 Lysol-----------------------------------
0.4.
PROCEDURE.
(a)
Put the measured quantity of carbolic acid and Lysol
into a rubber bowl, then stir very well for proper mixture.
(b)
With continuous stirring, add phenol, perfume and the
binder. stir continuously.
(c)
Finally add the
required quantity of water.
Stir very well and allow to settle, then run
into container for use or sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE DISINFECTANT (Detol)
Materials
and formulations(%wt)
Water ---------------------------------15
Chlorozylenol ----------------------- 0.4
Methanol -----------------------------2.0
Texapon ------------------------------1/16
Pine oil---------------------------------0.8
Colourant ---------------------------To taste
Method
(a) Dissolve the
texapon in methanol
(b) In a separate
container dissolve the chlorozylenol in water.
(c) Transfer (b) to (a).
(d) Add the pin oil, water, and colourant.
(e) Stir very well and
allow for 24hrs to settle. Then run into cans and ready for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE LIQUID SOAP.
CHEMICALS AND FORMULATION
(a) Nitrosol ------------ 1/16
(b) Water----------------6.0
(b) Soda ash----------- 1/16
(c) Caustic
soda--------1/32 (optional)
(d) S.t.p.p---------------1/16
(e) S.L.S------------------0.5
(f) sulphonic acid
----- 1L
(g) Formalin------------little
(h) Colorant------------
To taste
(i) Perfume------------To
taste.
1. Provide a
rubber bowl and measure the required quantity of water into the bowl.
2. Add the
measured nitrosol and stir continuously.
3. Add the SLS
and stir.
4. Soak the
soda ash, s.t.p.p, respectively with water in a separate container for 24hrs.
Stir to dissolve properly.
5. After 24hrs
turn the soda ash solution into the pastry nitrosol and stir very well for
proper mixture.
6. With
continuous stirring, add the sulphonic acid, stpp.
7. Follow it
with formalin, colorant, perfume and allow the foam to settle.
8. Then run
into container for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE TOILET WASH.
CHEMICALS AND FORMULATION(%)
Nitrosol
------------------1/4
Water---------------------30.00
Caustic
soda ------------1/4(very important)
Soda
ash------------------1/4
S.t.p.p---------------------1/4
HCL-------------------------2.0
Phenol---------------------30
Sulphuric
acid------------1/8
Texapon-------------------1.0
Sulphonic
acid-----------2.0.
Perfume-------------------To
taste
Colorant-------------------To
taste
Method.
While producing the liquid soap, add the
fermented caustic soda and stir.
Add hydrochloric
acid, sulphuric acid and phenol, stir very.
Allow to settle
and then bottle for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE HAIR CREAM
This
is used for moisturizing the hair, giving it a shiny look and providing hair
look and treatment. It is applied to hair on daily bases. Also it prevent the
hair from breaking.
CHEMICALS
Paraffin
wax ------------------small slice.
Petroleum
jelly---------------30ml
Lanolin
-------------------------1/2teaspoon
Paraffin
oil---------------------100ml
Vegetable
oil------------------ 20ml
Colorant
------------------------to taste.
Perfume
------------------------to taste.
METHOD.
·
Provide a pot with heater.
·
Add the paraffin wax and lanolin to the pot, while on
fire heat and allow to melt.
·
After melting, add
the paraffin oil and vegetable oil, stir very well and bring down from fire.
·
Add the colorant and perfume, stir very well and
transfer into container for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE AIR FRESHENER.
Chemicals and formulation
(1) Water-----------------------------700ml
(2) Methanol-------------------------20ml
(3) Perfume---------------------------15ml
(4) Industrial camphor------------- ½ table spoon
(5)Texapon----------------------------1 table spoon
Perfume ranges from strawberry, ambipur etc.
METHOD
(1)Put the methanol into a beaker.
(2)Add the perfume and
mix very well
(3)Add the industrial camphor, and finally add the required
quantity of water allow to settle and bottle for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE DETERGENT.
MATERIALS.
(1)Water--------------------------------------70ml
(2)Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)---50g
(3)Sodium chloride (common salt)--- 10g
(4)Soda ash--------------------------------- 150g
(5)Palm kernel oil --------------------------210ml
(6)Hydrogen peroxide---------------------10ml
(7)Sulphonic acid----------------------------35ml
(8) Perfume------------------------------------To taste
(9) Colorant------------------------------------To taste
(10)Ammonia solution(drying agent)—10ml
(11)Sulphric acid (optional)
PROCEDURE
(1)Pour 70ml of water into a rubber bowl.
(2)Add 50g of sodium hydrozide (Already soaked for 48hours)
(3)Stir very well
(4)Add common salt & stir to remove hardness
(5)Add soda ash (already soaked for 24hrs )
(6)Add p.k oil & stir
(7)Add sulphonic acid
(8)Add colorant
(9)Add hydrogen peroxide and stir properly
(10)Spread the detergent on a plain surface and add
Perfume, mix thoroughly and allow to dry
(11)Put in container after drying
N.B The corrosive chemicals are soaked before used
e.g Caustic soda is fermented for 48hours and checked
regularly
with hydrometer.The speafic gravity for caustic soda ranges
from
1275kg|m3 to 1300kg|m3
HOW TO PRODUCE BLEACH.
Chemicals and formulation.(wt)
HTH--------------------------0.4
Water-----------------------8litres
Soda ash--------------------0.4
Caustic
soda---------------0.8
Aluminate
----------------1 spatula.
METHOD.
Provide a rubber bowl and put the required quantity of water.
Add the HTH and and stir very well for proper dissolution.
Add the soda ash and stir.
Add the caustic soda and finally the alum. Stir very well and
leave for 24hrs.
HOW TO PRODUCE LAUNDRY SOAP OR BAR SOAP.
CHEMICALS
AND FORMULATION.(x8)
p.k oil--------------------------------------0.825L
Caustic soda-----------------------------165g
Soda ash----------------------------------42.5g
Magnesium sulphate------------------49.5g
Borax --------------------------------------24.75g
Sodium silicate--------------------------27.5ml
Colour-------------------------------------to taste
Sulphonic acid---------------------------100ml
Perfume-----------------------------------to taste
Industrial salt---------------------------
1spoon
METHOD(Cold
method)
With rubber bowl ferment the caustic soda with water for 48hrs
With another bowl ferment the soda ash, magnesium sulphate
and borax for 24hrs. check the concentration of the solutions regularly with
hydrometer to ensure its 1275kg/m3.
Measure the quantity of p.k oil required
Melt oil by heating to 40oc and remove the heat
source
Add the caustic soda solution and stir very well for about
2-3 minutes.
Add the soda ash, magnesium sulphate and borax solution to
the soap solution and stir vigorously for proper mixture.
Add the sodium silicate, preservative, perfume and mix very
well.
Pour the molten soap into mould to which nylon sheet has been
spread.
Allow to cool before cutting and shaping.
Air dry the soap further for 24hrs.
HOW TO PRODUCE MEDICATED SOAP.
Same as bar/laundry soap.
Measure the oil heat to melt.(remove heat source)
Add colorant to the oil and heat until the colorant dissolves
properly.
Stir continuously.
The heat source is removed and the oil colorant mixture is
transferred into the mixer. It is
allowed to cool to room temperature.
Then continue with bar soap method and add the active
ingredient (hydroquinin), then vitamin E, pin oil, and glycerin).
Other suggested active ingredients are phenol, mercuric
iodide, carbolic acid and iragasan etc.
HOW TO PRODUCE PAINT.
Paint is necessary and a very important product; it is used
for the beautification of houses, office to give it a perfect look. Paints are
of different types. We take emulsion and texcoat.
EMULSION
PAINT.
CHEMICALS
AND FORMULATION.
Water -------------------------------------2.23
Titanium dioxide------------------------200g
Calcium carbonate---------------------2.4kg
Genepur----------------------------------10g
Formalin----------------------------------10g
Ammonia --------------------------------10g
Kaolin -------------------------------------50g
P.V.A---------------------------------------50g
Kero ---------------------------------------20g
Nitrosol ----------------------------------20g
Colorant---------------------------------to taste
METHOD
Measure the require quantity of water into the mixer
Add genepur and titan and stir.
Add calcium carbonate and kaolin.
Add the color, P.V.A and kerosene.
Stir and add nitrosol and ammonia, stir well and pure into
the container for use.
TEXCOAT.
CHEMICALS
AND FORMULATION.
Water ------------------------------------1.1k
Titan --------------------------------------400g
Calgon PT---------------------------------5g
Ammonia --------------------------------50g
Formalin----------------------------------16g
Colorant----------------------------------accordingly
Calcium-----------------------------------1.5g
Kaolin--------------------------------------900g
P.V.A---------------------------------------600g
Kero----------------------------------------60g
Nitrosol -----------------------------------20g
Marble dust------------------------------2.4kg.
METHOD.
Measure the required quantity of water
Add the titan and stir
Add the calcium and kaolin and stir
Add calgon, formalin, ammonia
Add colorant, stir and add P.V.A and kero.
Then add marble dust, stir and add nitrosol.
Stir until it becomes homogenous.
Pure into the container for sale.
HOW TO PRODUCE BALM.
CHEMICALS
AND FORMULATIONS.
Petroleum jelly-----------------------------133.20
Paraffin wax---------------------------------18
Methyl salicylate---------------------------12
Menthol crystal or peppermint oil-----12
Turpentin oil--------------------------------1.4
Eucalyptus ----------------------------------7.5
Tincture of capsicum---------------------1.5
Camphor rectified-------------------------10.5
METHOD.
·
Measure the petroleum jelly into a clean boiler.
·
Set the heating apparatus heat the petroleum jelly
till it melt.
·
Add in the following sequence, menthol crystal and
allow to melt.
·
If you are using peppermint oil dont wait.
·
Then add the methyl salicylate, turpentine oil,
eucalyptus oil, tincture of capsicum.
·
Stir and add paraffin wax which must be melted
separately to enable you measure.
·
Add the camphor rectified which must also be melted as
well to enable you measure.
·
Stir properly and run into the containers for use.
HOW TO PRODUCE HAIR RELAXER.
Chemicals
and formulation .
Emywax ---------------------0.009625kg
Alcohol ----------------------0.010175kg
Petroleum jelly-------------0.012kg
Mineral oil-------------------0.064kg or 0.06kg
Cold water ------------------0.194kg
Caustic soda-----------------0.006925kg
Perfume ----------------------0.001kg
Glycol--------------------------0.001kg.
METHOD.
(1) Measure out
the oil phase chemicals- petroleum jelly, alcohol, mineral oil, emywax into one
heating tank and heat to 70oc.
(2) Measure out the water phase chemicals- propylene
glycol and water to cool at room temperature.
(3) Dissolve the caustic soda with some part of
the water and cool to room temperature.
(4) Dissolve the preservative with some part of
the water.
(5) Pour the heated oil phase into the mixer,
begin to pure gradually also the water phase into it while mixing and cooling.
(6) Also dissolve the preservative.
(7) At about 45oc, add the sodium
hydroxide solution gradually while still mixing and cooling.
(8) When properly homogenized and cooling to room
temperature, pour out and fill into the jars.
(9) Package and ready for sales.
HOW TO PRODUCE CANDLE.
Chemicals
and formulations.
Paraffin wax ---------------------------------------9.4k
Stearic acid-----------------------------------------0.5kg
Paraffin oil------------------------------------------0.5kg.
Method
Cut the paraffin wax into pieces and heat with continuous
stirring until it melts completely.
Bring it down and measure the required amount of molten wax
into another boiler and heat.
On heating, add the specific amount of stearic acid and
paraffin oil.
Stir very until all is melted. This is candle solution.
As the candle solution
cools, clean the mould and place the thread.
Then run the solution into the mould and allow to solidify.
Then remove the cones and push out the candle.
CONGRATULATION, GOOD LUCK!
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